There is, usually, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the midrib. Phlobatannins have diuretic property awoyinka oa, et al. The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. In a pinnately compound leaf, the midrib of the leaf is divided into numerous leaflets and all connected by a common axis. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthraquinone glycosides, cassia javanica received 16 dec 20 received in revised form 12 march 2014 accepted 15 march 2014. This indicated that the petroleum ether extract of cassia fistula seeds. The species is native to the indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of southeast asia. Cassia biflora, cassia marginata, cassia microphylla, cassia polyphylla, cassia tenuissima, peiranisia polyphylla.
An attempt was made to synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles from ten different cassia spp. Cassia spectabilis, cassia fistula, cassia biflora and only in ethanol extract of cassia hirsuta. Ornamental plants are described as plant species that are primarily. Keng 1990 described the species as being like cassia biflora, but having fewer pairs 46 of leaflets and larger flowers and larger pods 1220 cm long. Aug 16, 2017 plant morphology is the study of the external structure or form of plants. Among them, cassia roxburghii aqueous leaf extract supported the synthesis of highly efficient and stable agnps. To illustrate the effect of genes on leaf morphology. Cassia obtusifolia herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. We also found significant differences for first leaf approach. Leaf morphology and anatomy of 7 varieties of ficus deltoidea. The leaflet of cassia fistula is 812 cm long and 45 cm wide.
Butterflies experienced with non biflora leaf models were subsequently more likely to approach the non biflora leaf shape than butterflies experienced with biflora leaf models trainingapproach. The leaf is green on the adaxial surface and light green on the abaxial surface. Wedelia biflora herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. According to the consecutive periods of its entire life span. Senna polyphylla, cassia biflora, cassia microphylla,cassia. Definition, characteristics and functions with diagram. The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be. Cassia biflora desert cassia desert cassia is a small tree with a feathery branches and arching canopy. Cassia bahamensis, senna mexicana chapmanii, bahama senna. Comparative study on morphoanatomy of leaf, stem and root. Cassia biflora l cassia biflora griseb cassia pallida vahl.
In salvinia, one leaf of each node modifies into root like structure for balancing the plant in water. Cross sections in the middle of the leaf blade, at the base and at the petiolus sheath were carried out using a rotary microtome. In the dry season this tall shrub or small tree produces long racemes of massed clusters of bright golden flowers, which appear on almost every branch, all of which are clad in attractive alternately arranged leaves, consisting of pairs of feathery, deep green ovate leaflets. Leaf anatomy in all studied species, the transverse section of leaf showed uniseriate epidermis covered with a thin cuticle. The lamina is provided with the main strand of vascular tissue, called the midrib, which runs centrally through the lamina from its apex. Potential of cassia alata leaf extract in inducing. Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstream use with a greater number of people seeking remedies and health approaches free from side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. The leaves are alternate and pinnate, with glandless petioles, and two small narrow pointed stipules at the base. Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, fabaceae, and the subfamily caesalpinioideae.
It is one of the drugs present in tropical regions of asia. Structures within a leaf convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use as food. Both aerial and subterranean stems are divided into nodes the places where leaves. Ncert exemplar class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants multiple choice questions q1. The lamina or the leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets.
Dec 06, 2012 cassia biflora posted by accion on december 6, 2012 in flowering season sm, semi shade, water moderately comments off on cassia biflora scientific name. Morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive. The various parts of the tree like the bark, root, flowers, leaves, fruit pulp are. Densitydependent control of reproductive success in cassia. Cassia acutifolia is a small undershrub, two or three feet high, with a straight, woody, branching, whitish stem. Leaf morphology correlates with water and light availability. The shape of the blade is ovate, the apex is acute, the base is cuneate and the margins are entire. Play sporcle s virtual live trivia to have fun, connect with people, and get your trivia on.
You have already covered important aspects of plant morphology in the previous chapters on plant organs leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Senna alexandrina leaf ahpa botanical identity references. Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, indian laburnum, or puddingpipe tree, is a flowering plant in. In class we have discussed a variety of mutants that affect the morphology of pea leaves. Morphological and anatomical modifications in leaf, stem and roots. Phytogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles, optimization. Pdf plants have been used for treatment of several disorders since long before. Vegetative morphology of flowering plants stems, roots, and leaves are the vegetative parts of vascular plants. Senna floribunda, cassia floribunda golden showy cassia, devils finger senna multijuga, cassia multijuga false sicklepod senna polyphylla, cassia biflora, cassia microphylla, cassia polyphylla, cassia tenuissima, peiranisia polyphylla desert cassia senna sp. Names of wedelia biflora in various languages of the world are also given.
Leaves are attached to the stem singly, ascending either on alternate sides of the stalk, or in a spiraling pattern. Jumah department of botany, university of ghana, legon, ghana summary the morphology of the pollen grains of 19 species belonging to 11genera of the caesalpinoideae as seen under the light microscope has been described. Some plants, however, are instead dependent on the wind to pollinate. Cassia biflora, cassia glauca and cassia siamea following potato disc tumor assay. Senna polyphylla, cassia biflora, cassia microphylla. Leaf extract of cassia alata was found to be effective against most of the tested bacterial strains, except pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae table 1. Exploration of antitumor properties of pollen grains of plant species belonging to fabaceae family r kaur, a nagpal, j k katnoria. Typical external morphology of bipinnate leaves and phyllodes in the genus acacia. Leaf morphology the variations in leaf morphology of 7 f. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and.
A flat, green and extensive lateral adjunct developed form the node of the stem or its branches is called leaf. Flowers are yellow, usually in subsessile pairs on the short axillary stalks and blooming in the month of august to september. Leaf base part of leaf which is attached to the node of the stem and sometimes contains a pair of lateral outgrowths stipules which are small and look like leaf. Nomenclature and classification taxon record name scientific name. Fruit of 2 dry ovoid nutlets, 2aborted and seen as rudimentary white structure at base, rougose, glabrous. Chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants morphology. How cassia obtusifolia is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Stems are the basic organs, as they give rise to other plant organs, such as roots, leaves, and flowers. To study a variety of leaf morphology mutants in the garden pea pisum sativum. China is the main producer and the harvested area in 1998 was estimated by fao at 35,000 ha with a production of 28,000 t. How wedelia biflora is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. It is moderately present in ethyl acetate extract of cassia hirsuta. An annual plant with a nonwoody or fleshy structure. The shoot system is made up of leaves, stems and fl owers.
In organic farms of india, cassia tora is used as natural pesticide. The influence of leaf shape of passiflora biflora in. M, 2002, flora of maharastra state dicotyledones, vol i, lakshminarasimhan p. The whole lamina is supplied with other smaller and narrower strands of vascular tissues, known as the veins, which in turn produce branches and branchlets, called veinlets, to produce a network of veins, called the venation.
In most plants, leaves are the major site of food production for the plant. Dataset grin taxonomy rank species published in sp. American journal of phytomedicine and clinical therapeutics. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in wedelia biflora. Coffee senna, foetid cassia, negro coffee, rubbish cassia, stinking weed. Cassia bark and leaf oil are economically important. Leaf flag leaf the upper most leaf of a grass often sticks out perpendicular to the stem and is called the flag leaf flag leaf leaf sheath tubular, lower part of leaf that encloses stem 33 general types. Chinese cassia, saigon or vietnam cassia, indonesian cassia, indian cassia, and camphor.
Analysis of covariance ancova was used to test for differences between the gradients of water and light availability in morphological parameters in relation to the leaf area was used as the covariate. Exploration of antitumor properties of pollen grains of. Qualitative analysis was done for various phytoconstituents lik e alkaloids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, anthocyanosides, phenolic flavonoid s, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac. Leaf physiognomy can be regarded as an excellent tool for ecological studies. Leaf morphology definition of leaf morphology by the free. The point on the twig at which the leaves are attached is referred to as a node. Biosynthesis of phytochemica ls ijpcr, volume 10, issue 5. Flower morphology flowering plants have reproductive structures that attract pollinators, such as bees and hummingbirds, that aid in dispersing pollen to flowering plants. There are two main systems in a plant, the root system and the shoot system. Leaf structural characteristics of important medicinal plants. Cassia glauca seeds scrambled egg bush, glaucous cassia. The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. Topography and morphology of synthesized snps were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope fesem and highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem respectively.
Leaf morphology synonyms, leaf morphology pronunciation, leaf morphology translation, english dictionary definition of leaf morphology. Leaf morphology and anatomy of richterago discoidea. A compound leaf that has an axis on each side of the midrib is known as a pinnate leaf. To demonstrate several classical genetic principles. The existence of these inactive melanocytes provides a source for repigmentation of vitiligo. Butterfly learning and the diversification of plant leaf shape. There is no much study on the synthesis of snps using the extract of c. Alternate leaf arrangement is when a single leaf is attached to the stem at a node, and the next adjacent leaf on the stem points in a different direction. Comparative studies of secondary metabolites using qualitative tests was performed on cassia spectabilis, cassia siamea, cassia fistula, cassia biflora and cassia hirsuta. It grows best on full sun and well drained sandy soil. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Sonoran desert plant list plant material acceptable for revegetation of lots note. Here we have given ncert exemplar class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants. The lamina is broadly lanceolate to ovate with an acute apex.
Comparative pharmacognostical studies of leaves of three. The yellow flower is visited by bees and butterflies all the time. Names of cassia obtusifolia in various languages of the world are also given. The synthesis of agnps was optimized at different physicochemical condition and highly stable agnps were synthesized with 1. Vegetative morphology of flowering plants nodes woody. Today we will focus on the details of the leaves and stems. Cassia family caesalpiniaceae known as amulthusindian laburnum1.
List of various diseases cured by cassia obtusifolia. Cassia biflora posted by accion on december 6, 2012 in flowering season sm, semi shade, water moderately comments off on cassia biflora scientific name. It ranges from eastward throughout india to myanmar and thailand and south to sri lanka and southern pakistan. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in cassia obtusifolia. Screening of indian plant extracts for antibacterial activity. The world health organization who estimates that about 80% of people living in developing countries rely on traditional medicines for their primary health care need. In vitiligo, active melanocytes in the epidermis are not present, whereas melanoblast cells in the outer root sheath of hair follicles are not affected. Ncert exemplar class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants are part of ncert exemplar class 11 biology. Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, indian laburnum, or puddingpipe tree, is a flowering plant in the subfamily, caesalpiniaceae of the legume family, fabaceae. Studying the different shapes and designs of the leaf will also help you to identify a plant.
Plant morphology shoot system winter twigs leaf morphology root system root architecture modified roots bot 101 botany. Download pdf save to my library cinnamon and cassia. Join a live hosted trivia game for your favorite pub trivia experience done virtually. All varieties studied showed an alternate leaf arrangement with numerous golden dots on the upper surface of the lamina. Landowners guide to shrubs, forbs, vines and grasses of. The study of various external features of the organism is known as morphology. Cassia glauca seeds scrambled egg bush, glaucous cassia plant world seeds. Biosynthesis of phytochemicals coated silver nanoparticles. Jun 30, 2015 stimulatory allelopathic effects on rice and wheat have been reported. A taxonomic study of some species in cassiinae leguminosae using leaf epidermal characters.
Genetic diversity of 28 wild species of fodder legume. The geometric measurement of leaf morphology should receive much attention in future because of its ease of measurement and interpretation. Pdf preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the leaf e. Leaf is a green, dissimilar exogenous lateral flattened outgrowth which is borne on the node of a stem or its branch and is specialised to perform photosynthesis. Identifying the overall shape of the leaf, the outer edge of the leaf margin and the pattern of leaf veins will help you to identify or key the plant type. Cassia biflora twin flower cassia 6 x 5 d summer yellow 25 moderate. The fine feathery compound leaves are evergreen but might be shed if the winter becomes too dry or too cold. It was seen that cassia glauca has induced minimum.
Fungicidal activity of chrysophanic acid9anthrone from cassia tora have been reported. Botanyplant morphology wikibooks, open books for an open world. The desert cassia requires little to no care and is drought tolerant. There are so many types of leaves in nature, from blades to needles. The presence of elemental silver was confirmed energydispersive spectrum of the. The influence of leaf shape of passiflora biflora in heliconius spp. Cassia biflora flowers during the dry season in costa rica, from november until march. These are in high amounts in methanol extract of cassia siamea and ethanol extract of cassia biflora. Species of the genera senna and chamaecrista were previously included in cassia. Cassia angustifolia leaf powder is useful as treatment for constipation amount of sennoside b in leaves and pods, and also differ in chromosome morphology. Morphological and anatomical properties of the senna. Cassia senna is aborigine of tropical africa and sudan while cassia angustifolia is native to arabia, somalia, sind and the punjab parts of india morphology macroscopical characters senna plants are low branching shrubs 3 feet with a straight woody stem and yellow flowers. Madhya pradesh was once upon considered as a big pool of plant and animal species because.
Unit 2 national council of educational research and training. A human concern two integrated organ systems basic plant morphology definition shoot system root system 1. Cassia is also the english common name of some species in the genus cinnamomum of the family lauraceae. There are no pests or diseases associated with this tree. Foetid cassia, pawar is an annual foetid, erect herb or undershrub 30 to 90 cm. Leaves may be simple a single leaf blade or lamina or compound with several leaflets. Pdf classification of plant leaves using morphological. Ncert exemplar class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of.